【花雕学编程】Arduino动手做（249）---ESP32 1.28寸 TFT GC9A01屏之红、蓝、绿三个球在圆环内快速运动并相互碰撞 简单

/*
  【Arduino】189种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
  实验二百四十九：1.28寸圆形彩色TFT显示屏 高清IPS 模块 240*240 SPI接口GC9A01驱动
  项目之七十六：GC9A01园屏之红、蓝、绿三个球在圆环内快速运动并相互碰撞
*/

//       GC9A01---------- ESP32
//       RST ------------ NC（复位引脚，此处未连接）
//       CS ------------- D4（片选引脚，连接到ESP32的D4引脚）
//       DC ------------- D2（数据/命令选择引脚，连接到ESP32的D2引脚）
//       SDA ------------ D23 (green)（主数据输出引脚，连接到ESP32的D23引脚，绿色线）
//       SCL ------------ D18 (yellow)（时钟信号引脚，连接到ESP32的D18引脚，黄色线）
//       GND ------------ GND（接地引脚，连接到ESP32的接地端）
//       VCC -------------3V3（电源引脚，连接到ESP32的3.3V电源）

#include "SPI.h"
#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"
#include "Adafruit_GC9A01A.h"
#include "math.h"

#define TFT_CS 4
#define TFT_DC 2
#define TFT_RST -1

Adafruit_GC9A01A tft = Adafruit_GC9A01A(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST);

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 240
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 240
#define CENTER_X SCREEN_WIDTH / 2
#define CENTER_Y SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2
#define RING_RADIUS 119  // **圆环半径**
#define BALL_RADIUS 15  // **球体半径**
#define SPEED_LIMIT 16  // **更快的运动速度**
#define BALL_COUNT 3  // **球的数量**

struct Ball {
    float x, y;
    float vx, vy;
    uint16_t color;
};

Ball balls[BALL_COUNT];

uint16_t colors[] = {
    tft.color565(255, 0, 0),  // **红色**
    tft.color565(0, 0, 255),  // **蓝色**
    tft.color565(0, 255, 0)   // **绿色**
};

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);
    tft.begin();
    tft.setRotation(1);

    // **初始化球的位置和速度**
    for (int i = 0; i < BALL_COUNT; i++) {
        float angle = random(0, 360) * M_PI / 180;
        float dist = random(20, RING_RADIUS - BALL_RADIUS);
        balls[i].x = CENTER_X + dist * cos(angle);
        balls[i].y = CENTER_Y + dist * sin(angle);
        balls[i].vx = random(-SPEED_LIMIT, SPEED_LIMIT);
        balls[i].vy = random(-SPEED_LIMIT, SPEED_LIMIT);
        balls[i].color = colors[i];  // **设置颜色**
    }
}

void loop() {
    tft.fillScreen(tft.color565(0, 0, 0));

    // **绘制圆环**
    tft.drawCircle(CENTER_X, CENTER_Y, RING_RADIUS, tft.color565(255, 255, 255));

    for (int i = 0; i < BALL_COUNT; i++) {
        // **绘制球**
        tft.fillCircle(balls[i].x, balls[i].y, BALL_RADIUS, balls[i].color);

        // **更新球的位置**
        balls[i].x += balls[i].vx;
        balls[i].y += balls[i].vy;

        // **检测球是否碰撞圆环边界**
        float distToCenter = sqrt(pow(balls[i].x - CENTER_X, 2) + pow(balls[i].y - CENTER_Y, 2));
        if (distToCenter + BALL_RADIUS >= RING_RADIUS) {
            // **计算法线方向**
            float normalX = (balls[i].x - CENTER_X) / distToCenter;
            float normalY = (balls[i].y - CENTER_Y) / distToCenter;

            // **反弹计算**
            float dotProduct = balls[i].vx * normalX + balls[i].vy * normalY;
            balls[i].vx -= 2 * dotProduct * normalX;
            balls[i].vy -= 2 * dotProduct * normalY;
        }

        // **检测球之间碰撞**
        for (int j = i + 1; j < BALL_COUNT; j++) {
            float dx = balls[i].x - balls[j].x;
            float dy = balls[i].y - balls[j].y;
            float distance = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);

            if (distance <= BALL_RADIUS * 2) {
                // **交换速度**
                float tempVx = balls[i].vx;
                float tempVy = balls[i].vy;
                balls[i].vx = balls[j].vx;
                balls[i].vy = balls[j].vy;
                balls[j].vx = tempVx;
                balls[j].vy = tempVy;
            }
        }
    }

    delay(50);  // **减少延迟，使球运动更快**
}