【花雕学编程】Arduino动手做（249）---ESP32 1.28寸 TFT GC9A01屏之绘制一个 3D 白色圆锥体 简单

/*
  【Arduino】189种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
  实验二百四十九：1.28寸圆形彩色TFT显示屏 高清IPS 模块 240*240 SPI接口GC9A01驱动
  项目之六十七：GC9A01园屏之绘制一个 3D 白色圆锥体
*/

//       GC9A01---------- ESP32
//       RST ------------ NC（复位引脚，此处未连接）
//       CS ------------- D4（片选引脚，连接到ESP32的D4引脚）
//       DC ------------- D2（数据/命令选择引脚，连接到ESP32的D2引脚）
//       SDA ------------ D23 (green)（主数据输出引脚，连接到ESP32的D23引脚，绿色线）
//       SCL ------------ D18 (yellow)（时钟信号引脚，连接到ESP32的D18引脚，黄色线）
//       GND ------------ GND（接地引脚，连接到ESP32的接地端）
//       VCC -------------3V3（电源引脚，连接到ESP32的3.3V电源）

#include "SPI.h"                      // **包含 SPI 库，用于 TFT 屏幕通信**
#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"             // **包含 Adafruit GFX 图形库，用于绘制图形**
#include "Adafruit_GC9A01A.h"         // **包含 GC9A01A 屏幕驱动库**

#define TFT_CS 4                      // **定义 TFT 屏幕片选引脚**
#define TFT_DC 2                      // **定义 TFT 屏幕数据/命令选择引脚**
#define TFT_RST -1                    // **屏幕复位引脚（-1 表示未使用）**

Adafruit_GC9A01A tft = Adafruit_GC9A01A(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST); // **创建 TFT 屏幕对象**

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 240
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 240
#define CENTER_X SCREEN_WIDTH / 2
#define CENTER_Y SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2
#define CONE_RADIUS 40
#define CONE_HEIGHT 140
#define ROTATION_SPEED 0.05
#define TILT_ANGLE 45 * M_PI / 180

float angle = 0;
uint16_t fillColor = tft.color565(255, 255, 255);  // 白色填充
uint16_t edgeColor = tft.color565(0, 0, 0);  // 黑色边框

#define NUM_POINTS 20
float baseVertices[NUM_POINTS][3];
float apexVertex[3] = {0, CONE_HEIGHT / 2, 0};

// 初始化圆锥体底面顶点坐标
void initConeVertices() {
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_POINTS; i++) {
    float theta = (float)i / NUM_POINTS * 2 * M_PI;
    baseVertices[i][0] = CONE_RADIUS * cos(theta);
    baseVertices[i][1] = -CONE_HEIGHT / 2;
    baseVertices[i][2] = CONE_RADIUS * sin(theta);
  }
}

// 绘制填充的三角形面
void drawTriangleFace(int a, int b, int c, float transformedVertices[NUM_POINTS + 1][2], uint16_t color) {
  tft.fillTriangle(transformedVertices[a][0], transformedVertices[a][1],
                   transformedVertices[b][0], transformedVertices[b][1],
                   transformedVertices[c][0], transformedVertices[c][1], color);
}

// 绘制边框线
void drawEdge(int i, int j, float transformedVertices[NUM_POINTS + 1][2], uint16_t color) {
  tft.drawLine(transformedVertices[i][0], transformedVertices[i][1],
               transformedVertices[j][0], transformedVertices[j][1], color);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  tft.begin();
  tft.setRotation(2);
  tft.fillScreen(tft.color565(0, 0, 0));
  initConeVertices();
}

void loop() {
  tft.fillScreen(tft.color565(0, 0, 0));

  float transformedVertices[NUM_POINTS + 1][2];

  // 处理底面顶点
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_POINTS; i++) {
    float x = baseVertices[i][0];
    float y = baseVertices[i][1];
    float z = baseVertices[i][2];

    float tiltedY = y * cos(TILT_ANGLE) - z * sin(TILT_ANGLE);
    float tiltedZ = y * sin(TILT_ANGLE) + z * cos(TILT_ANGLE);

    float rotatedX = x * cos(angle) - tiltedZ * sin(angle);
    float rotatedZ = x * sin(angle) + tiltedZ * cos(angle);

    transformedVertices[i][0] = CENTER_X + rotatedX;
    transformedVertices[i][1] = CENTER_Y + tiltedY;
  }

  // 处理圆锥顶点
  float apexX = apexVertex[0];
  float apexY = apexVertex[1];
  float apexZ = apexVertex[2];

  float tiltedApexY = apexY * cos(TILT_ANGLE) - apexZ * sin(TILT_ANGLE);
  float tiltedApexZ = apexY * sin(TILT_ANGLE) + apexZ * cos(TILT_ANGLE);

  float rotatedApexX = apexX * cos(angle) - tiltedApexZ * sin(angle);
  float rotatedApexZ = apexX * sin(angle) + tiltedApexZ * cos(angle);

  transformedVertices[NUM_POINTS][0] = CENTER_X + rotatedApexX;
  transformedVertices[NUM_POINTS][1] = CENTER_Y + tiltedApexY;

  // 绘制圆锥体侧面
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_POINTS; i++) {
    int j = (i + 1) % NUM_POINTS;
    drawTriangleFace(i, j, NUM_POINTS, transformedVertices, fillColor);
  }

  // 绘制圆锥体底面
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_POINTS - 2; i++) {
    drawTriangleFace(i, i + 1, i + 2, transformedVertices, fillColor);
  }
  drawTriangleFace(NUM_POINTS - 2, NUM_POINTS - 1, 0, transformedVertices, fillColor);

  // 绘制圆锥体边框
  // 绘制底面边框
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_POINTS; i++) {
    int j = (i + 1) % NUM_POINTS;
    drawEdge(i, j, transformedVertices, edgeColor);
  }
  // 绘制侧面边框
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_POINTS; i++) {
    drawEdge(i, NUM_POINTS, transformedVertices, edgeColor);
  }

  angle += ROTATION_SPEED;
  delay(150);
}