【Arduino 动手做】我使用 Arduino UNO 创建了一个绘图时钟 简单

//#define CALIBRATE
//#define GRID // After Calibration this mode should plot a pretty good dot grid on the screen

// See additional calibration comments in the code down by the "#ifdef CALIBRATE"
// Adjust these values for servo arms in position for state 1 _|
const double SERVO_LEFT_ZERO =  1600;
const double SERVO_RIGHT_SCALE = 690; // + makes rotate further left

// Adjust these values for servo arms in position for state 2 |_
const double SERVO_RIGHT_ZERO = 650;
const double SERVO_LEFT_SCALE = 650;

#define OPTION_12_HOUR // 12 or comment out this line for 24 hour time
//#define OPTION_MONTH_DAY // commented out = month/day or uncomment the line for day/month

const double DRAW_DELAY = 5; // 3

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Plotclock
// cc - by Johannes Heberlein 2014
// modified for glow clock - Tucker Shannon 2018
// improved - 12Me21 2018

// v 1.07ddd
// thingiverse.com/joo   wiki.fablab-nuernberg.de
// thingiverse.com/TuckerPi
// units: mm; microseconds; radians
// origin: bottom left of drawing surface
// time library see http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/time
// RTC  library see http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/time
//               or http://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_libs_DS1307RTC.html
// Change log:
// 1.01  Release by joo at https://github.com/9a/plotclock
// 1.02  Additional features implemented by Dave (https://github.com/Dave1001/):
//       - added ability to calibrate servofaktor seperately for left and right servos
//       - added code to support DS1307, DS1337 and DS3231 real time clock chips
//       - see http://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_libs_DS1307RTC.html for how to hook up the real time clock
// 1.03  Fixed the length bug at the servoplotclockogp2 angle calculation, other fixups
// 1.04  Modified for Tuck's glow clock
// 1.05  Modified calibration mode to draw a 4 point square instead
// 1.06  Rewrote most of the code, improved calibration, added date drawing, fixed bug in angle calculations, etc.
// 1.07ddd  Reverted code to return it to using the DS1307 Library and removed the long press date code.
//          Did this because I liked this codes calibration code better than the v1.05 calibration code that drew a square.
//          Plus the bug fixes in 1.06 are good
//          Added comments on how to calibrate
//          Split Number drawing and letter drawing into two different functions
//          Improved the letter "I"

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include <Time.h> // see http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/time
#include <TimeLib.h>
#include <Servo.h> //servo controller
#include <Wire.h>
#include <DS1307RTC.h> // see http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/time

//pins
const int SERVO_LEFT_PIN = 6;
const int SERVO_RIGHT_PIN = 5;
const int LED_PIN = 12;
const int BUTTON_PIN = 13;

//Sizes
const double LOWER_ARM = 35; //servo to lower arm joint
const double UPPER_ARM_LEFT = 56; //lower arm joint to led
const double LED_ARM = 13.5; //upper arm joint to led
const double UPPER_ARM = 45; //lower arm joint to upper arm joint
double cosineRule(double a, double b, double c);
const double LED_ANGLE = cosineRule(UPPER_ARM_LEFT,UPPER_ARM,LED_ARM);

//Location of servos relative to origin
const double SERVO_LEFT_X = 22;
const double SERVO_LEFT_Y = -32;
const double SERVO_RIGHT_X = SERVO_LEFT_X + 25.5;
const double SERVO_RIGHT_Y = SERVO_LEFT_Y;

// lovely macros
#define radian(angle) (M_PI*2* angle)
#define dist(x,y) sqrt(sq(x)+sq(y))
#define angle(x,y) atan2(y,x)

//digit location/size constants
const double TIME_BOTTOM = 12;
const double TIME_WIDTH = 11;
const double TIME_HEIGHT = 18; //16;

const double DAY_WIDTH = 7;
const double DAY_HEIGHT = 12;
const double DAY_BOTTOM = 5;
const double DATE_BOTTOM = 24;

const double HOME_X = 55, HOME_Y = -5;
Servo servoLeft, servoRight;

// Sunday is the first triple
const char weekDays[] = {8,10,12, 5,6,12, 9,10,2, 11,2,13, 9,4,10, 3,7,14, 8,1,9}; //character set: AEFHMORSTUWNDI

double lastX = HOME_X, lastY = HOME_Y;

bool lightOn = false;

void setup() {
    pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
    pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
}

void light(bool state){
    lightOn = state == HIGH; //I'm *pretty* sure HIGH/LOW are just true/false, but...
    delay(100);
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, state);
}

const int LONG_PRESS_DURATION = 750;

void loop(){
    if(digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN) != LOW)
        return;

    if (!servoLeft.attached()) servoLeft.attach(SERVO_LEFT_PIN);
    if (!servoRight.attached()) servoRight.attach(SERVO_RIGHT_PIN);
    #ifdef CALIBRATE
        // Pressing the button alternates the servo arms between 2 states.
        // State one if left arm pointing to 9 o'clock and right arm pointing to 12 o'clock _|
        // State two if left arm pointing to 12 o'clock and right arm pointing to 3 o'clock |_
        // At the very top of the code you adjust the 4 constants to get the arms into these exact positions.
        // Adjust SERVO_LEFT_ZERO so that the left servo points to 9 o'clock when in state one
        // Adjust SERVO_RIGHT_SCALE so that the right servo points to 12 o'clock when in state one
        
        // Adjust SERVO_RIGHT_ZERO so that the right servo points to 3 o'clock when in state two
        // Adjust SERVO_LEFT_SCALE so that the left servo points to 12 o'clock when in state two
        
        static bool half;
        servoLeft.writeMicroseconds(floor(SERVO_LEFT_ZERO + (half ? - M_PI/2  : 0) * SERVO_LEFT_SCALE ));
        servoRight.writeMicroseconds(floor(SERVO_RIGHT_ZERO + (half ? 0 : M_PI/2 ) * SERVO_RIGHT_SCALE ));
        light(half ? LOW : HIGH);
        half = !half;
        delay(2000);
    #else //CALIBRATE
        #ifdef GRID
            for(int i = 0; i <= 70; i += 10)
                for(int j = 0; j <= 40; j += 10){
                    drawTo(i, j);
                    light(HIGH);
                    light(LOW);
                }
        #else //GRID
            delay(10); // debounce
            uint32_t longpress = millis() + LONG_PRESS_DURATION;
            while ((!digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN)) && (millis() < longpress))
            { }; // wait
            bool date = false;
            if (millis() >= longpress)
                date = true;
                
            drawTo(HOME_X, 0);
            tmElements_t tm;
            //time_t tt;
            uint8_t dayOfWeek; // 0 = Sunday, 6 = Saturday
            if (RTC.read(tm))
            {
              setTime(tm.Hour,tm.Minute,tm.Second,tm.Day,tm.Month,tm.Year);
              //tt = makeTime(tm); // need a normal time so it can be converted to day of week. Sunday = 1
              dayOfWeek = dayOfWeek(makeTime(tm)) - 1; // the minus 1 normalized so Sunday = 0
            }
            if (date) {
              #ifdef OPTION_MONTH_DAY
                  int temp = tm.Day;
                  tm.Day = tm.Month;
                  tm.Month = temp;
              #endif
              //draw month
              if(tm.Month / 10)
                  drawDigit(70-(DAY_WIDTH+3)*5, DATE_BOTTOM, DAY_WIDTH, DAY_HEIGHT, tm.Month / 10);
              drawDigit(70-(DAY_WIDTH+3)*4, DATE_BOTTOM, DAY_WIDTH, DAY_HEIGHT, tm.Month % 10);
              // Draw Slash
              drawDigit(70-(DAY_WIDTH+3)*3, DATE_BOTTOM, DAY_WIDTH, DAY_HEIGHT, 12);
              //day
              if(tm.Day / 10){
                  drawDigit(70-(DAY_WIDTH+3)*2, DATE_BOTTOM, DAY_WIDTH, DAY_HEIGHT, tm.Day / 10);
                  drawDigit(70-(DAY_WIDTH+3), DATE_BOTTOM, DAY_WIDTH, DAY_HEIGHT, tm.Day % 10);
              }else
                  drawDigit(70-(DAY_WIDTH+3)*2, DATE_BOTTOM, DAY_WIDTH, DAY_HEIGHT, tm.Day % 10);
              //weekday
              drawChar(5,DAY_BOTTOM,DAY_WIDTH,DAY_HEIGHT,weekDays[dayOfWeek*3]);
              drawChar(5+DAY_WIDTH+5,DAY_BOTTOM,DAY_WIDTH,DAY_HEIGHT, weekDays[dayOfWeek*3+1]);
              drawChar(5+(DAY_WIDTH+5)*2,DAY_BOTTOM,DAY_WIDTH,DAY_HEIGHT,weekDays[dayOfWeek*3+2]);
              
            } else {
              #ifdef OPTION_12_HOUR
                if(tm.Hour >= 12){
                    tm.Hour = tm.Hour - 12;
                    // drawDigit(5,35,1,1,10); // Draws a DOT - Not sure why
                }
                if(tm.Hour == 0)
                    tm.Hour = 12;
              #endif
              //draw hour
              if(tm.Hour / 10)
                  drawDigit(3, TIME_BOTTOM, TIME_WIDTH, TIME_HEIGHT, tm.Hour / 10);
              drawDigit(3+TIME_WIDTH+3, TIME_BOTTOM, TIME_WIDTH, TIME_HEIGHT, tm.Hour % 10);
              // Draw colon
              drawDigit((69-TIME_WIDTH)/2, TIME_BOTTOM, TIME_WIDTH, TIME_HEIGHT, 11);
              //minute
              drawDigit(69-(TIME_WIDTH+3)*2, TIME_BOTTOM, TIME_WIDTH, TIME_HEIGHT, tm.Minute / 10);
              drawDigit(72-(TIME_WIDTH+3), TIME_BOTTOM, TIME_WIDTH, TIME_HEIGHT, tm.Minute % 10);
              
            }
        #endif // NOT CALIBRATE OR GRID
        drawTo(HOME_X, HOME_Y);
    #endif // GRID or Normal Plot Time
    servoLeft.detach();
    servoRight.detach();
}

#define digitMove(dx, dy) drawTo(x + width*dx, y + height*dy)
#define digitStart(dx, dy) digitMove(dx, dy); light(HIGH)
#define digitArc(dx, dy, rx, ry, start, last) drawArc(x + width*dx, y + height*dy, width*rx, height*ry, radian(start), radian(last))

// Symbol is drawn with the lower left corner at (x,y) and a size of (width,height).
void drawDigit(double x, double y, double width, double height, char digit) {
    //see macros for reference
    switch (digit) {
        case 0: //
            digitStart(1/2,1);
            digitArc(1/2,1/2, 1/2,1/2, 1/4, -3/4);
            //digitStart(1,1/2);
            //digitArc(1/2,1/2, 1/2,1/2, 0, 1.02);
            break;
        case 1: //
            digitStart(1/4,7/8);
            digitMove(1/2,1);
            digitMove(1/2,0);
            break;
        case 2: //
            digitStart(0,3/4);
            digitArc(1/2,3/4, 1/2,1/4, 1/2, -1/8);
            digitArc(1,0, 1,1/2, 3/8, 1/2);
            digitMove(1,0);
            break;
        case 3:
            digitStart(0,3/4);
            digitArc(1/2,3/4, 1/2,1/4, 3/8, -1/4);
            digitArc(1/2,1/4, 1/2,1/4, 1/4, -3/8);
            break;
        case 4:
            digitStart(1,3/8);
            digitMove(0,3/8);
            digitMove(3/4,1);
            digitMove(3/4,0);
            break;
        case 5: //wayy too many damn lines
            digitStart(1,1);
            digitMove(0,1);
            digitMove(0,1/2);
            digitMove(1/2,1/2);
            digitArc(1/2,1/4, 1/2,1/4, 1/4, -1/4);
            digitMove(0,0);
            break;
        case 6:
            digitStart(0,1/4);
            digitArc(1/2,1/4, 1/2,1/4, 1/2, -1/2);
            digitArc(1,1/2, 1,1/2, 1/2, 1/4);
            break;
        case 7:
            digitStart(0,1);
            digitMove(1,1);
            digitMove(1/4,0);   
            break;
        case 8:
            digitStart(1/2,1/2);
            digitArc(1/2,3/4, 1/2,1/4, -1/4, 3/4);
            digitArc(1/2,1/4, 1/2,1/4, 1/4, -3/4);
            break;
        case 9:
            digitStart(1,3/4);
            digitArc(1/2,3/4, 1/2,1/4, 0, 1);
            digitMove(3/4,0);
            break;
        case 10: //dot
            digitStart(0,0);
            //digitMove(0,1);
            //digitMove(1,1);
            //digitMove(1,0);
            break;
        case 11: //colon
            digitStart(1/2,3/4);
            light(LOW);
            digitStart(1/2,1/4);
            break;
        case 12: //slash
            digitStart(3/4,5/4);
            digitMove(1/4,-1/4);
            break;
    }
    light(LOW);
}

void drawChar(double x, double y, double width, double height, char digit) {
    //see macros for reference
    switch (digit) {
        //letters for the day of the week
        case 1: //A
            digitStart(0,0);
            digitMove(1/2,1);
            digitMove(1,0);
            light(LOW);
            digitStart(1/4,1/2);
            digitMove(3/4,1/2);
          break;
        case 2: //E
            digitStart(1,0);
            digitMove(0,0);
            digitMove(0,1);
            digitMove(1,1);
            light(LOW);
            digitStart(0,1/2);
            digitMove(1,1/2);
            break;
        case 3: //F
            digitStart(0,0);
            digitMove(0,1);
            digitMove(1,1);
            light(LOW);
            digitStart(0,1/2);
            digitMove(1,1/2);
            break;
        case 4: //H
            digitStart(0,1);
            digitMove(0,0);
            light(LOW);
            digitStart(0,1/2);
            digitMove(1,1/2);
            light(LOW);
            digitStart(1,1);
            digitMove(1,0);
            break;
        case 5: //M
            digitStart(0,0);
            digitMove(0,1);
            digitMove(1/2,1/2);
            digitMove(1,1);
            digitMove(1,0);
            break;
        case 6: //O (0)
            digitStart(1,1/2);
            digitArc(1/2,1/2, 1/2,1/2, 0, 1.02);
            break;
        case 7: //R
            digitStart(0,0);
            digitMove(0,1);
            digitMove(1/2,1);
            digitArc(1/2,3/4, 1/2,1/4, 1/4, -1/4);
            digitMove(0,1/2);
            digitMove(1,0);
            break;
        case 8: //S
            digitStart(0,0);
            digitMove(1/2,0);
            digitArc(1/2,1/4, 1/2,1/4, -1/4, 1/4);
            digitArc(1/2,3/4, 1/2,1/4, 3/4, 1/4);
            digitMove(1,1);
            break;
        case 9: //T
            digitStart(1,1);
            digitMove(-1/2,1); //bad
            light(LOW);
            digitStart(1/2,1);
            digitMove(1/2,0);
            break;
        case 10: //U
            digitStart(0,1);
            digitMove(0,1/4);
            digitArc(1/2,1/4, 1/2,1/4, -1/2, 0);
            digitMove(1,1);
            break;
        case 11: //W
            digitStart(0,1);
            digitMove(0,0);
            digitMove(1/2,1/2);
            digitMove(1,0);
            digitMove(1,1);
            break;
        case 12: //N
            digitStart(0,0);
            digitMove(0,1);
            digitMove(1,0);
            digitMove(1,1);
            break;
        case 13: //D
            digitStart(0,0);
            digitMove(0,1);
            digitMove(1/2,1);
            digitArc(1/2,1/2, 1/2,1/2, 1/4,-1/4);
            digitMove(0,0);
            break;
        case 14: //I
            digitStart(1/2,1);
            digitMove(1/2,0);
            light(LOW);
            digitStart(0,0);
            digitMove(1,0);
            light(LOW);
            digitStart(1,1);
            digitMove(0,1);
            break;
    }
    light(LOW);
}

#define ARCSTEP 0.05 //0.05 //should change depending on radius...
void drawArc(double x, double y, double rx, double ry, double pos, double last) {
    if(pos < last)
        for(; pos <= last; pos += ARCSTEP)
            drawTo(x + cos(pos)*rx, y + sin(pos)*ry);
    else
        for(; pos >= last; pos -= ARCSTEP)
            drawTo(x + cos(pos)*rx, y + sin(pos)*ry);
}

//didn't really change this
void drawTo(double pX, double pY) {
    double dx, dy, c;
    int i;
    
    // dx dy of new point
    dx = pX - lastX;
    dy = pY - lastY;
    //path length in mm, times 4 equals 4 steps per mm
    c = floor(4 * dist(dx,dy));
    
    if (c < 1)
        c = 1;
    
    // draw line point by point
    for (i = 1; i <= c; i++){
        set_XY(lastX + (i * dx / c), lastY + (i * dy / c));
        if (lightOn)
            delay(DRAW_DELAY);
    }
    
    lastX = pX;
    lastY = pY;
}

// cosine rule for angle between c and a
double cosineRule(double a, double b, double c) {
    return acos((sq(a)+sq(c)-sq(b))/(2*a*c));
}

void set_XY(double x, double y) {
    //Calculate triangle between left servo, left arm joint, and light
    //Position of pen relative to left servo
    //rectangular
    double penX = x - SERVO_LEFT_X;
    double penY = y - SERVO_LEFT_Y;
    //polar
    double penAngle = angle(penX,penY);
    double penDist = dist(penX,penY);
    //get angle between lower arm and a line connecting the left servo and the pen
    double bottomAngle = cosineRule(LOWER_ARM, UPPER_ARM_LEFT, penDist);
    
    servoLeft.writeMicroseconds(floor(SERVO_LEFT_ZERO + (bottomAngle + penAngle - M_PI) * SERVO_LEFT_SCALE));
    
    //calculate middle arm joint location
    double topAngle = cosineRule(UPPER_ARM_LEFT, LOWER_ARM, penDist);
    double lightAngle = penAngle - topAngle + LED_ANGLE + M_PI;
    double jointX = x - SERVO_RIGHT_X + cos(lightAngle) * LED_ARM;
    double jointY = y - SERVO_RIGHT_Y + sin(lightAngle) * LED_ARM;
    
    bottomAngle = cosineRule(LOWER_ARM, UPPER_ARM, dist(jointX, jointY));
    double jointAngle = angle(jointX, jointY);
    
    servoRight.writeMicroseconds(floor(SERVO_RIGHT_ZERO + (jointAngle - bottomAngle) * SERVO_RIGHT_SCALE));
}