【花雕动手做】Kitronik 可编程开发板基于 ARCADE MakeCode 之篮球罚球游戏- Makelog(造物记)

Kitronik ARCADE 是一款由英国教育科技公司 Kitronik 精心打造的可编程游戏机开发板，专为编程教学与创客实践而设计。该设备原生支持微软的 MakeCode Arcade 平台，用户可通过图形化或 JavaScript 编程方式，轻松创建、下载并运行复古风格的街机游戏。

它集成了彩色 LCD 显示屏、方向控制键、功能按键、蜂鸣器和震动马达等交互组件，提供完整的游戏输入输出体验。无论是初学者进行编程启蒙，还是创客群体开发交互式作品，Kitronik ARCADE 都能作为理想的硬件载体，助力创意实现。

凭借其开源友好、易于上手、兼容性强等特点，该开发板广泛应用于中小学编程课程、创客工作坊、游戏开发教学以及个人项目原型设计，深受教育者与技术爱好者的喜爱。

作为学习、练习与尝试，这里创建一个篮球罚球的小游戏。
打开网页版：https://arcade.makecode.com/，设置项目名称：篮球罚球

MicroPython实验参考代码

代码

def on_a_pressed():
    global projectile
    projectile = sprites.create_projectile_from_sprite(throw_imgs.ball, athlete, 0, -100)
controller.A.on_event(ControllerButtonEvent.PRESSED, on_a_pressed)

def on_on_overlap(sprite, otherSprite):
    info.change_score_by(1)
    sprites.destroy(sprite)
sprites.on_overlap(SpriteKind.projectile, SpriteKind.goal, on_on_overlap)

projectile: Sprite = None
athlete: Sprite = None
scene.set_background_image(img("""
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    """))
athlete = sprites.create(throw_imgs.dunk, SpriteKind.player)
athlete.set_position(80, 90)
athlete.set_velocity(50, 0)
athlete.set_bounce_on_wall(True)
hoop = sprites.create(throw_imgs.hoop, SpriteKind.goal)
hoop.set_position(80, 35)
info.start_countdown(30)

这是一个篮球罚球模拟游戏，玩家控制一个篮球运动员进行投篮，目标是尽可能多地将篮球投进篮筐。游戏有30秒的时间限制。

核心代码解析

1. 投篮控制
python
def on_a_pressed():
global projectile
projectile = sprites.create_projectile_from_sprite(throw_imgs.ball, athlete, 0, -100)
按下A键时，从运动员位置创建一个篮球抛射物
使用throw_imgs.ball作为篮球图像
设置初始速度为(0, -100)，即垂直向上发射

2. 得分系统
python
def on_on_overlap(sprite, otherSprite):
info.change_score_by(1) # 得分+1
sprites.destroy(sprite) # 销毁篮球
sprites.on_overlap(SpriteKind.projectile, SpriteKind.goal, on_on_overlap)
当篮球（抛射物）与篮筐（目标）重叠时触发
玩家得分增加1分
篮球被销毁（模拟进球后篮球消失）

3. 游戏初始化
背景设置
python
scene.set_background_image(img("""篮球场背景"""))
设置篮球场背景，使用ASCII艺术创建详细的篮球场图像
背景包含篮球场、观众席和各种装饰元素

运动员创建
python
athlete = sprites.create(throw_imgs.dunk, SpriteKind.player)
athlete.set_position(80, 90) # 设置初始位置
athlete.set_velocity(50, 0) # 设置水平速度
athlete.set_bounce_on_wall(True) # 碰到墙壁反弹
创建运动员精灵，使用throw_imgs.dunk图像
将运动员放置在屏幕中央偏下位置(80, 90)
设置运动员水平移动速度为50，垂直速度为0
启用墙壁反弹，使运动员在屏幕边界来回移动

篮筐创建
python
hoop = sprites.create(throw_imgs.hoop, SpriteKind.goal)
hoop.set_position(80, 35) # 设置篮筐位置
创建篮筐精灵，使用throw_imgs.hoop图像

将篮筐放置在屏幕中央偏上位置(80, 35)

游戏计时
python
info.start_countdown(30) # 30秒倒计时
开始30秒倒计时，限制游戏时间

游戏机制总结
控制方式：按下A键进行投篮
移动机制：运动员自动左右移动，碰到边界反弹
投篮物理：篮球以固定垂直速度向上发射
得分条件：篮球与篮筐重叠即得分
时间限制：30秒倒计时，时间到游戏结束

技术特点
预定义图像资源：使用throw_imgs对象存储篮球、运动员和篮筐图像
自动移动：运动员自动移动，玩家只需专注投篮时机
简单物理：使用抛射物系统模拟投篮轨迹
时间压力：倒计时机制增加游戏紧张感

图形编程参考实验程序